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新增3起猴痘病毒！新加坡紧急应对，已设立体温检测站；入境中国需申报_我的网站

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    China US Photo:VCGAmerican scientists have voiced opposition to a proposed rule which seeks to ban federal funding for US science collaboration with China, saying that it would instead hurt US interest, the Washington Post reported on Tuesday. Chinese experts also warned that the slew of US restrictions on China-US scientific cooperation is unlikely to deal a fatal blow to China's scientific development, but could instead backfire on the US.
The proposed Office of Management and Budget (OMB) rule, set to take effect in December, would mark one of the biggest overhauls of US science funding in decades, giving political appointees greater authority over grant awards previously guided by scientific peer review and requiring that they "advance the President's policy priorities," according to the Washington Post. 
It would also effectively expand the 2011 Wolf Amendment, which bars scientists from using NASA funding for bilateral collaborations with China, to all federal agencies and scientists receiving federal funds, marking the largest break in US-China scientific engagement in decades, the US media outlet reported.
So far, the proposed rule has garnered nearly half a million public comments, many from scientists and leading US science bodies. A Washington Post analysis of 50,000 of those comments found that around 88 percent were negative.
The rule, initially set to take effect in October, was pushed back to December after a bipartisan stopgap funding bill temporarily halted its adoption. Unlike the Wolf Amendment, the rule does not require congressional approval to take effect.
"I do think there are still members of Congress who think we have a monopoly on knowledge. They think we're still in the Cold War Soviet era ... where we were ahead in most areas of science and technology. That is not the case with China. We are no longer the leader in many areas of science," said Tobin Smith, senior vice president for government relations and public policy at the Association for American Universities, which advocates on behalf of leading US research universities, per the Washington Post.
Scientists warn that the rule risks subjecting long-term scientific research to four-year political cycles. "We will not succeed if with every new administration we are ping-ponging back and forth about priorities," the American Association for the Advancement of Science said in a blistering comment, urging the administration to withdraw the rule. "Fast-tracking such profound changes ... hands an easy victory to nations like China," it said, the Washington Post reported.
This reflects a fundamental divide between the US government and the scientific community over how science should develop, Wang Yiwei, a professor at Renmin University of China's School of International Studies, told the Global Times. He noted that politicians tend to believe that suppressing China as a competitor would allow the US to preserve its market dominance and technological edge. 
Scientists, however, tend to follow a different logic, as scientific progress depends on openness, exchanges and collaboration. If science and technology are driven solely by competition and private capital, with the ultimate goal of maintaining technological monopolies, this could create greater risks and ultimately undermine US interests as well, Wang said. 
The proposed rule change is the latest salvo in a broader battle in Washington over how to respond to China's rise as a scientific superpower. In July, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) also moved to ban collaborations between scientist it funds and many Chinese research institutions and their employees, according to Science magazine. 
Liu Shaoshan, director of the Center for Embodied AI at the Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society and a former US-based researcher, told the Global Times in a previous interview that the NSF's new proposed rules created a "talent wall," arguing that restrictions based on nationality, institutional affiliation, and research partnerships could reduce the global talent pool available to the US, weaken its ability to attract leading scientists, and slow scientific innovation. 
Liu also said scientific advancement relies not only on discovery but also on the exchange, validation, and dissemination of knowledge.
Wang also said China has built significant strengths through its vast pool of scientists and engineers, complete industrial chains and massive application scenarios, while increasingly moving from application-oriented innovation toward original research. Against this backdrop, US technological blockades and restrictions on cooperation are unlikely to halt China's progress, but could instead isolate American scientists from China's latest research and collaboration opportunities. Such an approach could also prevent the two countries from leveraging their respective strengths and ultimately undermine US competitiveness, Wang said.
。    过去一周，猴痘新型病毒株在非洲扩散。8月21日，泰国也出现了首例感染者，这也意味着，猴痘新型病毒株已经传到了亚洲，新加坡迅速做出了紧急措施。又有疫情在多国出现，世卫紧急通知！新加坡、中国先后公布最新预防措施从（8月23日）起，新加坡机场和港口已设立体温检测站，筛查来自猴痘风险国家的旅客和机组人员。（图：Changi Airport）新加坡卫生部星期四（22日）深夜发文告称，卫生部与交通部，及移民与关卡局合作，采取预防措施，加强新加坡边境对猴痘的监控能力。发烧是感染猴痘病毒的其中一个症状，在机场放置卫生指示牌，提醒入境者采取必要的个人防护措施，以免受感染。出现发烧、皮疹或其他与猴痘相符症状的旅客将转介做医疗检查。

二 | 虽然新加坡与这些非洲地区没有直飞航班，但作为区域航空枢纽，病毒很有可能传入。防控措施依旧不变，所有旅客需填写电子入境卡（SG Arrival Card），并申报猴痘症状及旅行历史。若出现疑似病例，医疗人员将通知卫生部，并将患者送往医院隔离及检查。

三 | 随后，当局还会追踪与确诊者有过接触的人，以防止病毒传播。

四 | 入境中国须申报中国海关总署也于今日（8月16日）在微信公众号宣布，为防止猴痘传入中国，自即日起，为期6个月，凡是去过猴痘疫情国家、接触过确诊病例或有疑似猴痘症状的人，必须在入境时主动向海关申报。海关人员会将按规定程序采取医学措施并开展采样检测。

五 | 新加坡两周增三起猴痘病例 新加坡在8月4日到17日的两个星期里，新增了三起猴痘病例，今年累积病例增加到13起。

六 | 不过新加坡卫生部强调，截至目前的所有猴痘病例，都是致病力较弱的Clade 2变异株。而最近在其他国家发现的猴痘变异毒株不仅通过性活动传播，还通过密切接触传播，这意味着生活在同一家庭的人也容易受感染。新型变异病毒株最早在非洲刚果被发现，分为中非株（Clade I）、西非株（Clade II）和变异毒株（Clade Ib）。后来传播到布隆迪、肯尼亚、卢旺达和乌干达。在过去一周，也开始扩散到非洲以外的国家。（图：泰国Headlines）新加坡卫生部长王乙康称，新型猴痘变异病毒株目前对新加坡风险不高，但经过一段时间，它应该会散播到中东、欧洲，来到新加坡只是时间问题。

七 | 要有备无患，了解这个病毒，包括它如何散播、杀伤力多大、如何阻止，再用正确方式应对。”作为公众的我们，也绝不能掉以轻心。

八 | 请注意以下事项，确保自身及他人安全！（以下资料摘取自卫生部官网）猴痘病毒传播途径直接接触：通过与感染者的身体、皮肤损伤或体液直接接触传播环境传播：通过接触物品或环境而感染。呼吸道分泌物：接触感染者的呼吸道分泌物也可能传播病毒。动物传播：动物传播：被感染动物的咬伤、抓伤，或直接接触动物的血液、体液和皮肤均可能传播病毒。目前没有证据表明食品或食品包装能够传播病毒，主要风险在于接触感染源，包括肢体接触、性行为和家庭传播。如何分辨猴痘病毒症状中非株Clade I vs 西非株Clade II 感染：Clade I：症状比较严重，幼儿、孕妇和免疫系统受损者的风险较高。Clade II：症状较轻，通常局部皮肤损伤，特别是在生殖器和腹股沟周围。

九 | 共同症状：皮肤疹，通常从面部开始，可能扩展至手掌和脚底发热头痛背痛淋巴结肿大肌肉酸痛疲劳感或虚弱感个人防范措施保持个人卫生！常用肥皂洗手，特别是在处理食物、厕后、咳嗽或打喷嚏后。

十 | 如果没有水，可使用含有60%酒精以上的洗手液。避免直接接触感染者或动物！避免多伴侣产生性行为，采取安全性行为。

十一 | 避免接触、喂食野生或流浪动物。

十二 | 旅行后请监测！从猴痘疫情国家返回的旅客，请在后21天内监测症状。要是发热或皮疹，请及时就医并报告旅行和接触史！目前，卫生部不建议对全民进行大规模疫苗接种，因猴痘对公众的风险仍然较低。可用现有的第三代天花疫苗MVA-BN（JYNNEOS），将留给高风险人群。就算预计疫苗对猴痘的保护效力超80%，但无具体数据说明保护程度和持续时间，因此建议接种者继续遵循防范措施。

十三 | TH丨编辑HQ丨编审网络整理资料丨来源网络整理资料丨图源。

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Published on:11:49:24